BNSS is primarily a statute that governs:
A. Substantive criminal law
B. Civil procedure
C. Criminal procedure (procedural law governing criminal justice)
D. Tax procedure
Answer: C. BNSS is enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to criminal procedure (procedural law).

The BNSS came into general force (majority of provisions) on:
A. 26 Jan 1950
B. 25 Dec 2023
C. 1 July 2024
D. 15 Aug 2024
Answer: C. The central notification appointed 1 July 2024 as the effective date for most provisions.

The BNSS replaces which earlier law in respect of criminal procedure?
A. Indian Penal Code (IPC)
B. Evidence Act
C. Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC)
D. Negotiable Instruments Act
Answer: C. BNSS replaces and consolidates the procedural law previously contained in the CrPC.

Under BNSS, the statute that primarily governs substantive offences is:
A. BNSS itself
B. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)
C. Indian Penal Code (IPC) still in force in full
D. Civil Procedure Code
Answer: B. Substantive offences are in BNS (the new penal code); BNSS is the procedure code that pairs with BNS.

Which Ministry publishes the official BNSS text on IndiaCode?
A. Ministry of Finance
B. Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
C. Ministry of Law & Justice only
D. Ministry of External Affairs
Answer: B. MHA is the nodal ministry for the new criminal law package and publishes the official texts.

BNSS contains provisions on arrest, custody and remand. The procedural code’s aim includes:
A. Removing judicial oversight of custody
B. Modernising arrest and custody rules with detailed remand and custody timelines
C. Abolishing bail entirely
D. Converting criminal trials to administrative proceedings
Answer: B. BNSS codifies arrest, remand and custody rules with new procedures and timelines.

Under BNSS as implemented, police custody (pre-trial physical custody by police) for serious offences may be permitted up to (in aggregated parts as per BNSS/implementing guidance):
A. 5 days only
B. 30 days only
C. Up to 15 days of police custody (which can be authorised in parts within longer judicial custody periods)
D. 100 days with no limits
Answer: C. BNSS/implementation guidance allows up to 15 days of police custody in parts; judicial custody periods may be longer (see PRS summary).

BNSS provides for judicial custody (judicial remand) in certain cases for periods that may extend up to:
A. 7 days
B. 30 days only
C. 60 or 90 days depending on the nature/gravity of offence and judicial authorisations
D. Indeterminate without judicial control
Answer: C. Implementation materials and PRS brief explain longer judicial custody windows (60/90 days) for serious offences with specified conditions.

BNSS expressly requires recording of the reasons for an arrest and the rights of the arrested person. This requirement is:
A. Optional for police officers only
B. Mandatory — arresting authority must inform arrest reasons and rights to the person arrested
C. Only required where the magistrate orders it
D. To be done only after remand
Answer: B. BNSS retains and clarifies requirement to inform arrested persons of reasons and rights (procedural safeguards).

Under BNSS, the power to grant anticipatory bail (or protection against arrest) is generally:
A. Abolished entirely
B. Provided by the High Court and in some cases by courts specified in the Act (procedural scheme retained)
C. Exercised only by police station heads
D. Provided only after conviction
Answer: B. Procedural safeguards like anticipatory bail remain available under BNSS through judicial forums as per statutory prescriptions and judicial practice.

BNSS allows a person arrested to be produced before a magistrate within a specified time. That time limit is:
A. No limit specified
B. 24 hours only in all cases
C. A prescribed short period (often 24 hours) subject to BNSS detailed exceptions and rules
D. 7 days automatically
Answer: C. BNSS continues the basic requirement of prompt production before a judicial magistrate, subject to the BNSS text and exceptions.

BNSS creates a statutory framework for remand hearings. Remand decisions must be:
A. Oral only with no record
B. Recorded with reasons on the record (written or electronic)
C. Secret and non-reviewable
D. Delegated to police only
Answer: B. BNSS requires remand orders and the reasons for denial/approval of custody to be recorded to ensure judicial oversight.

Under BNSS, the police investigative powers:
A. Are unchanged and have no judicial oversight
B. Are reorganised with specific procedural steps for search, seizure, interrogation and custody
C. Allow indefinite detention without judicial scrutiny
D. Transfer all investigative powers to private parties
Answer: B. BNSS reorders investigative procedures and sets out steps for search, seizure, interrogation and custody with safeguards.

BNSS mandates that the place and manner of recording statements of witnesses will be:
A. Decided solely by the accused
B. Governed by BNSS rules; statements must be recorded on record and certain formalities must be followed
C. Always recorded orally with no documentation
D. Outlawed completely
Answer: B. BNSS prescribes the procedure for recording witness statements and the formalities to preserve admissibility and fairness.

Which instrument sets out the forms, schedules and procedural formats under BNSS?
A. Finance Act only
B. Schedules and Forms annexed to BNSS (official BNSS PDFs on IndiaCode / MHA)
C. No forms exist under BNSS
D. State notifications only
Answer: B. BNSS contains schedules and forms in the official text published on IndiaCode and MHA.

BNSS includes provisions for mediation/plea and settlement-oriented processes during procedure. True or False?
A. False — no ADR permitted
B. True — BNSS provides for alternatives and settlement mechanisms in certain circumstances
C. Only foreign mediation is allowed
D. Plea bargaining is abolished everywhere
Answer: B. BNSS contains modern procedural options consistent with restorative approaches and judicial case management (subject to statutory limits).

Under BNSS, property attachment and seizure powers are:
A. Eliminated entirely
B. Expanded and clarified (including attachment of proceeds of crime and mechanisms to preserve evidence)
C. Reserved only for civil courts
D. Delegated entirely to private collectors
Answer: B. Implementation notes and PRS raised that attachment powers have been expanded, prompting discussion on safeguards.

BNSS contains specific procedural safeguards concerning vulnerable witnesses. Which best describes these safeguards?
A. None — vulnerability is irrelevant
B. Special recording methods, protection measures and in-court procedures to protect vulnerable witnesses are prescribed
C. Vulnerable witnesses must be excluded from trials entirely
D. Only civil courts can protect vulnerable witnesses
Answer: B. BNSS provides measures to protect vulnerable witnesses (children, victims, etc.) during recording and trial process.

BNSS introduced changes relating to police power to detain suspects. Which is a correct reflection:
A. Police can detain indefinitely without magistrate oversight
B. Detention is subject to tiered judicial oversight with defined custody limits and remand protocols
C. Police must obtain permission from Parliament to detain anyone
D. Detention is not mentioned in BNSS
Answer: B. BNSS frames detention within judicial oversight and remand protocols to balance investigation needs and liberty.

Under BNSS, the public prosecutor’s role in trials:
A. Is abolished
B. Is retained and formalised — BNSS clarifies the appointment and role of public prosecutors during proceedings
C. Replaced by private parties only
D. Only police will prosecute
Answer: B. BNSS keeps the public prosecution function, providing procedural clarity on their role in court proceedings.

The BNSS provides for community service and restorative orders as possible outcomes for certain minor offences. This reflects:
A. Increasing use of capital punishment
B. A restorative justice approach and a move away from petty incarceration for minor offences
C. The elimination of all sentences for minor crimes
D. A purely punitive policy with no alternatives
Answer: B. There are reported decisions and instances applying community service under BNSS provisions, showing restorative tendencies.

BNSS contains provisions for the use of forensic evidence. Which is true?
A. Forensic evidence is excluded under BNSS
B. BNSS procedure emphasises forensic collection and admissibility with protocols; states are deploying mobile forensic vans to support investigations
C. Only confession evidence is allowed now
D. Forensic evidence must be ignored by courts
Answer: B. Government initiatives (state projects) and BNSS emphasis reflects increased forensic focus in serious offences.

BNSS allows electronic filing and digital modes for several procedural steps. This is:
A. Not permitted by law
B. Permitted — the Act and rules provide for electronic records and e-filing mechanisms
C. Only for civil suits
D. Only after conviction
Answer: B. BNSS and accompanying rules integrate digital procedure and electronic records for efficient case management.

Which authority is empowered to issue rules for BNSS practice/procedure within its domain?
A. Private law firms only
B. The Central Government and Courts (to the extent authorised) issue rules and forms as per BNSS rule-making powers
C. No authority can issue rules under BNSS
D. Only Parliament issues all detailed daily practice directions
Answer: B. BNSS contains rule-making provisions enabling the executive and judiciary to issue necessary procedural rules.

Under BNSS, a person must be informed of the grounds of arrest and certain rights. The purpose of this provision is to:
A. Waste police time only
B. Protect the arrested person’s liberty and ensure right to counsel and fair process
C. Allow private companies to interrogate the person
D. Transfer prosecution power to non-state actors
Answer: B. Informing arrestees of grounds and rights is a constitutional and procedural safeguard preserved in BNSS.

BNSS distinguishes between “police custody” and “judicial custody.” The principal difference is that:
A. They are identical in all respects
B. Police custody is for investigation under police control; judicial custody places the person in custody under court/magistrate control (e.g., jail)
C. Police custody is always more humane than judicial custody
D. Judicial custody allows unlimited interrogation by police
Answer: B. The custodial categories are distinguished by investigating authority and prison/location of detention with differing controls and duration rules.

BNSS contains explicit rules for the bail regime. Which is correct about bail under BNSS?
A. Bail is abolished forever
B. BNSS codifies grounds for bail and presumptions (including when bail is to be granted or refused), balancing liberty and investigation needs
C. Bail is automatically granted in every case
D. Only Parliament can grant bail case-by-case after law amended
Answer: B. BNSS sets out statutory bail rules, similar to procedural codes globally, specifying factors for grant/refusal.

Under BNSS, magistrates issuing remand orders must:
A. Always remand to police without consideration
B. Record reasons and consider less intrusive alternatives before authorising police custody
C. Consult public prosecutor only, not defence counsel
D. Remand automatically for 60 days without review
Answer: B. Judicial oversight and reasoned remand orders are a key procedural safeguard under BNSS.

BNSS has provisions dealing with anticipatory release for women and children suspects in certain situations. The purpose is:
A. To favour prosecution only
B. To provide special protections and non-custodial options for vulnerable accused persons
C. To make such accused persons exempt from trial
D. To allow immediate deportation
Answer: B. BNSS includes protections focused on vulnerable accused such as women and children, with special procedural norms.

Which of the following is true about BNSS and investigation timelines?
A. No timelines exist under BNSS
B. BNSS prescribes certain time frames and procedures to prevent unreasonable delay in investigation and remand
C. Investigations can continue forever without reporting
D. Only the accused decides the timeline
Answer: B. BNSS sets out timelines and procedural checks to limit arbitrary investigation delays.

Under BNSS, what is the relationship between special laws and BNSS procedure?
A. BNSS always overrides special procedural statutes no matter what they say
B. Special procedural provisions in other statutes continue to apply where they specifically govern procedure; BNSS applies where special law is silent
C. Special laws are automatically repealed by BNSS
D. BNSS never applies to matters under special statutes
Answer: B. Lex specialis principle: special statutes with detailed procedural provisions govern their domain; BNSS fills general procedural gaps.

BNSS provides for provisos relating to police searches and seizures. Which safeguard is typically required?
A. No safeguard is required — police can search at will
B. Search / seizure must normally be on authorised grounds, with inventory, witness present and subsequent judicial oversight where necessary
C. Police are required to destroy seized items immediately
D. Courts cannot review any search or seizure action under BNSS
Answer: B. BNSS requires formal search/seizure procedures to preserve rights and ensure accountability.

BNSS has provisions for the production of accused persons in courts by police. Which is a correct procedural step?
A. Police can never produce accused persons in court
B. Police must produce accused persons before the appropriate magistrate within prescribed time with relevant documents
C. Accused person is only presented after conviction
D. Production is optional for police in BNSS
Answer: B. Prompt production before magistrates is a key procedural safeguard codified in BNSS.

BNSS details the duties of the investigating officer. Which duty is commonly highlighted?
A. To convict by any means necessary
B. To conduct a fair, impartial, and time-bound investigation and to collect and preserve evidence lawfully
C. To withhold exculpatory evidence always
D. To evade judicial oversight
Answer: B. Investigating officers are required to investigate fairly and preserve evidence in accordance with BNSS norms.

BNSS includes provisions regarding the filing of charge sheets or final reports. Which is true?
A. Charge sheets are unnecessary under BNSS
B. Police must submit a charge sheet/closure report within prescribed timelines and the court then takes cognizance and frames charges where appropriate
C. Only prosecutors can file charge sheets — police never do
D. Charge sheets are secret and not shared with defence
Answer: B. BNSS prescribes steps for submitting charge sheets, court cognizance and framing of charges, similar to prior practice but reorganised.

Under BNSS, victim compensation processes and interim relief mechanisms are:
A. Non-existent
B. Recognised — courts may order interim relief/compensation and BNSS dovetails with statutory victim-compensation schemes
C. Only governed by civil law now
D. Handled exclusively by Parliament committees
Answer: B. BNSS supports victim relief and interim measures during the criminal process in appropriate cases.

BNSS contains special provisions for recording confessions. Which is the safest statement?
A. All confessions are admissible without question
B. Confessions must be recorded following BNSS safeguards; involuntary confessions or those obtained via inducement/coercion are inadmissible
C. Confessions are banned under BNSS entirely
D. Police can accept unsigned oral confessions always
Answer: B. BNSS preserves rules to ensure only voluntary confessions recorded per procedure are admissible.

BNSS governs preventive measures in public order situations (e.g., dispersal, curfew powers). These powers are typically exercised by:
A. Courts exclusively after trial
B. Executive authorities/police in accordance with BNSS and other laws, subject to judicial review
C. Private citizens with no oversight
D. Parliament only after passing a special law each time
Answer: B. Preventive powers are executive/administrative but must conform to legal limits and judicial review.

BNSS contains provisions on the preservation and forwarding of evidence. One correct practice under BNSS is:
A. Evidence can be destroyed at investigator’s whim
B. Evidence must be properly inventoried, preserved, and forwarded to competent authorities/forensic labs as per BNSS protocols
C. Only hearsay evidence is to be preserved
D. Evidence is never admissible in BNSS trials
Answer: B. Proper evidence handling is required and BNSS codifies relevant protocols and record-keeping.

BNSS lays down rights of accused regarding legal assistance. Which is true?
A. No right to counsel exists under BNSS
B. Accused have statutory right to counsel and access to legal aid as per BNSS procedural safeguards
C. Only police counsel may represent accused persons
D. Accused must represent themselves always
Answer: B. BNSS upholds access to counsel and legal aid as essential components of a fair procedure.

BNSS provides mechanisms for plea/settlement in certain minor offences. The procedural implication is:
A. Plea/settlement defeats victim rights always
B. Plea/settlement options can expedite resolution for minor offences while preserving fairness and consent
C. Plea bargains are mandatory in every case under BNSS
D. Settlement is permitted only after conviction
Answer: B. BNSS allows structured plea/settlement mechanisms in statutory frame for suitable cases.

BNSS contains special procedures for “summary trials” for petty offences in appropriate contexts. Which is true?
A. Only homicide cases can be summary tried
B. Minor offences with legislative authorisation may be tried summarily under specified BNSS provisions
C. Summary trial is the only mode for all offences now
D. Summary trial denies the accused any right to appeal
Answer: B. BNSS permits summary procedures where provided by law, to expedite minor matters while safeguarding rights.

Which of the following is true about electronic evidence under BNSS?
A. Electronic evidence is excluded under BNSS entirely
B. BNSS recognises electronic records and provides mechanisms consistent with the Evidence Act and other statutes
C. Only printed documents are admissible now
D. All digital material must be destroyed after investigation
Answer: B. BNSS procedures accommodate electronic evidence with prescribed steps in harmony with evidence law.

BNSS procedural rules about remand and detention are subject to:
A. No judicial supervision whatsoever
B. Judicial review and statutory timelines; magistrates’ remand orders must satisfy BNSS conditions
C. Public referendum each time
D. Only the police’s internal memos
Answer: B. Remand decisions are judicial acts subject to BNSS safeguards and review mechanisms.

Under BNSS, a closure report by police (if no case made out) results in:
A. Automatic conviction of accused anyway
B. Court may accept closure report or direct further investigation; the accused can seek discharge/release via statutory remedies
C. Immediate payment to police as reward
D. Trial continues regardless of report
Answer: B. Closure reports trigger judicial procedures for discharge or further action as guided by BNSS provisions.

BNSS requires the court recording of witnesses to be done in a manner that ensures:
A. Witness anonymity is never preserved
B. Accuracy, opportunity for cross-examination, protections for vulnerable witnesses and a proper record for appellate review
C. Witnesses may not be cross-examined under BNSS
D. Only hearsay can be recorded as evidence
Answer: B. BNSS emphasizes fair and reliable witness recording to protect the integrity of trial and appeal processes.

BNSS modernises the appeal procedure in some respects. Which is generally true?
A. Appeals have been abolished under BNSS
B. BNSS preserves appeals but rationalises grounds and timelines and provides for judicial case management
C. Appeals are now heard only by police courts
D. No appeal is permitted against any order under BNSS
Answer: B. Appellate remedies remain available, with BNSS providing clearer procedural mapping and timelines.

BNSS contains special provisions about filing complaints and private prosecutions. Which is true?
A. Private complaints are entirely forbidden under BNSS
B. BNSS preserves the mechanism for private complaints but provides procedural controls and pathways for public prosecution involvement
C. Any private complaint becomes immediately a civil suit only
D. Private complaints must be filed in Parliament
Answer: B. Private complaint mechanism continues but with procedural filters to avoid abuse.

BNSS places emphasis on time-bound trial completion in certain categories. The rationale is:
A. To delay justice indefinitely
B. To provide speedy trial safeguards and reduce pendency through case-management tools
C. To eliminate jury trials only
D. To shift trials to administrative tribunals only
Answer: B. Speedy trial principles are embedded to reduce backlogs and preserve rights of accused and victims.

BNSS provides special procedural measures for evidence preservation in cyber and digital cases. These measures include:
A. None, digital evidence is ignored
B. Seizure protocols, chain-of-custody standards and timely forensic analysis requirements
C. Only text messages are admissible
D. All digital evidence must be destroyed upon arrest
Answer: B. BNSS plus ancillary rules instruct on handling and preserving digital evidence properly.

Which of the following is correct about BNSS and police reporting to magistrates?
A. Police never report to magistrates under BNSS
B. Police must report certain investigative steps and arrests to magistrates and public prosecutors as directed by BNSS
C. Only the media is informed by police — not courts
D. Police reports are secret and not shared even with courts
Answer: B. BNSS requires communication/transmission of certain investigator actions to judicial authorities and prosecutors.

BNSS protects accused from unreasonable bail denial by requiring magistrates to consider:
A. The accused’s favourite colour only
B. Seriousness of the allegation, evidence, risk of flight/tampering, and public interest — balancing liberty and investigation needs
C. The accused’s hair colour only
D. Random lottery outcomes only
Answer: B. BNSS prescribes factors for bail decisions to ensure decisions are reasoned and proportionate.

BNSS contains measures for the expeditious trial of sexual offences and offences against children. Which is included?
A. No special measures exist
B. Fast-track procedures, special recording measures and protective mechanisms for victims
C. Sexual offences are tried only after 50 years have passed
D. All sexual offences are transferred to civil courts only
Answer: B. BNSS supports expedited handling and victim protection for sexual offences and offences against children.

BNSS also provides for diversion and de-criminalisation of certain petty offences by:
A. Removing them from all law books entirely
B. Allowing diversion to non-custodial measures (community service, restorative processes) in suitable cases
C. Forcing all petty offenders to pay large fines only
D. Deporting petty offenders by default
Answer: B. Diversion options are included to reduce prison burden and encourage rehabilitation in appropriate cases.

BNSS prescribes treatment of evidence obtained in violation of procedure (e.g., coerced evidence). The general approach is:
A. All evidence is admissible irrespective of how obtained
B. Illegally or coercively obtained evidence may be excluded or given less weight; BNSS safeguards aim to prevent compelled/confidential breaches
C. Courts must always accept police-obtained evidence without question
D. Evidence rules are suspended in BNSS cases only
Answer: B. BNSS-supported procedures and the Evidence Act interplay to exclude evidence obtained illegally or involuntarily.

Under BNSS, which body may supervise an ongoing criminal investigation in exceptional situations?
A. The local municipality only
B. High Courts or appropriate judicial authorities may exercise supervisory jurisdiction where necessary
C. Private companies always supervise investigations
D. Supervision is never available under BNSS
Answer: B. Judicial supervision remains an available check to ensure legality and prevent abuse.

BNSS contains provisions for witness protection programs; the purpose is to:
A. Eliminate the need for cross-examination
B. Protect witnesses from intimidation and ensure their safety to facilitate truthful testimony
C. Replace judicial testimony with written statements only
D. Only protect police witnesses
Answer: B. Witness protection frameworks are part of modern criminal procedure to secure evidence and protect participants.

BNSS includes rules for the detention of juveniles (children). Which is true?
A. Juveniles are treated exactly like adults always
B. BNSS works with juvenile justice norms and provides specialized custody/trial protections for minors
C. Juveniles must be tried in military courts under BNSS
D. Juveniles are immune from any procedure under BNSS
Answer: B. Children are accorded special treatment consistent with juvenile justice and child rights principles.

BNSS contains a procedure for the production and examination of documents and physical evidence. A correct procedural step is:
A. Courts may accept documents with no chain-of-custody or foundation ever
B. Parties must establish provenance and chain-of-custody and the court may require proof of authenticity before admitting evidence
C. Documents are never admissible in BNSS trials
D. Only oral testimony is allowed as evidence
Answer: B. BNSS-compliant procedure emphasises proper foundation and chain-of-custody for documentary evidence.

BNSS specifies the mode for record-keeping and judgments. Which is correct?
A. No record-keeping is allowed under BNSS
B. Judgments, orders and remand records must be preserved in authorized formats to allow appellate review and transparency
C. Records can be kept secretly and destroyed after trial
D. Courts only give oral judgments with no writing required
Answer: B. Proper record-keeping is required to ensure review, appeals and public accountability under BNSS.

Under BNSS, an accused’s right to a fair trial includes the right to:
A. Choose the judge randomly by lot from a hat
B. Fair hearing, counsel, cross-examination, disclosure of prosecution case and reasoned orders
C. No disclosure of prosecution case ever permitted
D. Trial by private committees only
Answer: B. Fair trial rights are robustly supported by BNSS procedural safeguards.

BNSS contains provisions to deal with “ex parte” orders (orders passed without presence of party). Which is correct?
A. Ex parte orders are always final and non-challengeable
B. BNSS allows ex parte interim orders in certain circumstances but requires subsequent opportunity to be given to the affected party (hearing/recall/variation)
C. Ex parte orders are outlawed in all circumstances
D. Ex parte orders require Parliament’s approval each time
Answer: B. Interim or emergency ex parte orders are permitted but must be followed by a chance to be heard later.

BNSS includes rights and remedies for wrongful arrest/detention. Which remedy is commonly available?
A. None — no remedy exists
B. Applications for compensation, release, writs (Habeas corpus) and statutory remedies under BNSS and constitutionally available writs
C. Only imprisonment for those who complain about arrest
D. Reparation to police as punishment for complainant
Answer: B. Remedies such as habeas corpus and compensation claims remain viable where detention is unlawful under BNSS.

BNSS imposes duty on police to file First Information Reports (or equivalent complaint intake) and to:
A. Ignore complainants always
B. Register complaints, investigate appropriately and ensure administrative response as per procedural rules
C. Only accept complaints from parliamentarians
D. None of the above
Answer: B. BNSS preserves complaint registration and initial investigation duties of police with clarity on intake procedure.

BNSS provides for pre-trial custody limits for offences of different gravities. Which is true?
A. All offences have identical custody rules without gradation
B. Custody limits and remand durations are gradated depending on the gravity/nature of offence (e.g., serious offences may permit longer judicial custody under defined conditions)
C. No custody allowed for any offence
D. Only property offences permit custody under BNSS
Answer: B. BNSS differentiates custodian time-limits and related remand rules by offence seriousness.

BNSS interacts with the Evidence Act. The correct relationship is:
A. BNSS replaces the Evidence Act entirely
B. Evidence Act continues to govern admissibility and proof; BNSS sets procedure for criminal trials while Evidence Act governs evidence law
C. Evidence Act is invalid when BNSS applies
D. BNSS and Evidence Act are mutually exclusive always
Answer: B. BNSS and the Evidence Act operate together: the procedure code handles processes while Evidence Act governs proof and admissibility.

Under BNSS, a magistrate may call for further investigation if the charge sheet is weak. This power aims to:
A. Delay every case indefinitely
B. Ensure comprehensive fact-finding and prevent premature closure of meritorious prosecutions or unwarranted closure
C. Allow police to avoid filing charge sheets
D. Prevent accused from getting bail always
Answer: B. Magistrates can order further inquiry to satisfy themselves before framing/committing charges consistent with BNSS safeguards.

BNSS allows production of witnesses via video-conferencing in certain circumstances. The main reason is:
A. To deny parties cross-examination always
B. To ease witness participation, ensure safety/protection and reduce logistic burdens when appropriate safeguards are met
C. Video-conferencing is the only permitted mode of evidence
D. To prevent evidence from being recorded at all
Answer: B. Remote testimony is permitted with safeguards to ensure fairness and reliability.

BNSS allows courts to direct forensic testing. Which is true about court-directed tests?
A. Courts cannot order forensic tests under BNSS
B. Courts can order forensic testing and ensure chain of custody and accreditation requirements for testing labs
C. Only the accused can order tests at personal expense
D. Forensic testing is optional and non-binding always
Answer: B. Court-directed forensic testing is an important investigative and trial tool subject to procedural safeguards.

BNSS has provisions for summoning witnesses. Which is true?
A. Witnesses can never be summoned under BNSS
B. Courts can summon witnesses by order with penalties for non-appearance, subject to statutory protections
C. Summons are issued only by the police, never courts
D. Summons exist only in civil courts not BNSS courts
Answer: B. Summons process remains a central judicial power to secure witness attendance under BNSS.

BNSS includes time-limits for certain interlocutory applications. A reason is:
A. To increase litigation costs unnecessarily
B. To prevent abuse of procedure and to ensure timely resolution of interlocutory matters supporting the main trial
C. To block all interlocutory reliefs forever
D. To allow permanent adjournments only
Answer: B. Time bounds aid efficient case management and reduce dilatory tactics.

Under BNSS, contempt proceedings (contempt of court) are:
A. Fully integrated into BNSS as ordinary criminal trials
B. Handled via separate contempt law/procedures though BNSS trials must respect court orders and the judiciary retains contempt powers
C. Transferred to civilian bodies for adjudication only
D. Not enforceable anymore
Answer: B. Contempt remains a judiciary-managed process distinct from BNSS though the code supports enforcement of orders.

BNSS marks procedural responsibilities for the Public Prosecutor (PP). Which duty is central?
A. To always seek the maximum sentence regardless of facts
B. To conduct prosecutions fairly, disclose relevant material and assist courts in delivering justice rather than merely securing conviction
C. To act as defence counsel secretly
D. To prosecute only political opponents
Answer: B. Prosecutorial ethics and disclosure obligations are emphasised under BNSS procedural framework.

BNSS provides for interim orders for preservation of property/assets. Which is a correct rationale?
A. Preservation orders are used to punish accused before trial always
B. To prevent dissipation of assets relevant to investigation or victim remediation and to preserve evidence
C. Only to frustrate the accused unlawfully
D. To transfer property ownership automatically to police
Answer: B. Preservation orders are preventive steps for effective investigation and victim relief.

BNSS contains procedural rules about judicial recording of confessions made to magistrates. Which is true?
A. Confessions to magistrates are automatically invalid
B. Confessions made to magistrates must be recorded with safeguards and voluntary nature ascertained; coerced confessions are inadmissible
C. Confessions are accepted without any procedure under BNSS
D. Confessions do not need to be signed by accused under any circumstances
Answer: B. BNSS aims to ensure reliability and voluntariness of statements presented as confessions.

BNSS contains provisions referring to “non-custodial measures.” Which is an example?
A. Mandatory life imprisonment for everything
B. Community service, bonds, supervision, probation and diversion for suitable offences
C. Permanent exile from the country for all offences
D. Immediate imprisonment without trial only
Answer: B. Non-custodial and rehabilitative options are part of BNSS suite for appropriate cases.

BNSS emphasises recording of electronic and audio/video evidence. Courts must ensure:
A. Audio/video evidence is never admissible
B. Authenticity, chain of custody, and proper indexing before admitting such evidence
C. Electronic evidence is presumed fake without proof
D. All electronic evidence goes straight to jury without scrutiny
Answer: B. Standards for authentication and chain of custody are required for reliable admission of digital evidence.

Which of the following is true about interim bail under BNSS?
A. Interim bail is outlawed completely
B. Interim bail (temporary release pending further consideration) may be granted by courts in specific circumstances subject to BNSS conditions
C. Interim bail is always permanent and unconditional
D. Interim bail is granted only by police chiefs
Answer: B. Interim reliefs including interim bail are available with statutory guidance and judicial discretion.

BNSS requires that judicial orders made in camera (private) must:
A. Never be made public under any circumstances
B. Be reasoned and recorded, and subject to appellate review even if certain parts are sealed to protect victims/witnesses
C. Be permanently hidden and not recorded anywhere
D. Be made only by police officers
Answer: B. Sealing and in-camera proceedings are allowed for protection but still require adequate reason and reviewability.

BNSS sets procedural rules for cross-examination. Which principle applies?
A. Cross-examination is banned under BNSS
B. Cross-examination must be fair, relevant and allow the accused to challenge prosecution evidence subject to protective measures for witnesses
C. Cross-examination can be used to harass witnesses deliberately without judicial control
D. No cross-examination is permitted in BNSS trials ever
Answer: B. Cross-examination remains a fundamental component of BNSS trials, with fairness safeguards.

BNSS contemplates coordination with other agencies (e.g., financial regulators) for complex investigations. The reason is:
A. To centralise all power in one agency only
B. To leverage specialised expertise and facilitate multi-disciplinary investigations (financial, cyber, forensic)
C. To remove judicial oversight entirely
D. To privatise investigations to corporate firms always
Answer: B. Coordination with specialist agencies increases quality and efficacy of complex probes.

BNSS provides for court-directed medical examination of victims or accused. The purpose is:
A. To punish victims always
B. To collect relevant medical evidence and determine injuries/impairments with due consent and protections
C. To replace all other evidence types only with medical reports
D. To conduct medical examination without consent whenever police wish
Answer: B. Medical exams are procedural tools to collect objective injury/forensic evidence with safeguards under BNSS.

BNSS contains rules for disposal of exhibits after trial. Which is true?
A. Exhibits must be sold by the court immediately to anyone
B. Courts order preservation, return, destruction, or disposal of exhibits consistent with security, victim interests and legal norms
C. Exhibits can be destroyed by police secretly without record
D. Exhibits are never recorded in BNSS trials
Answer: B. Court directions manage exhibit disposal with procedural transparency and record.

BNSS ensures that accused persons have access to interpreters/translators where needed. The reason is:
A. To delay trials intentionally
B. To ensure comprehension, fair participation and meaningful exercise of defence rights for non-native speakers
C. To allow accused to lie without detection
D. To let police control the interpreter role always
Answer: B. Language access is key to fair trial rights and BNSS recognises interpreter needs.

BNSS contains rules for cross-border evidence production in cooperation with foreign jurisdictions. Which instrument supports this?
A. BNSS alone with no international law interactions
B. Mutual legal assistance treaties, letters rogatory and domestic BNSS procedures for cooperation
C. Arbitrary police orders alone
D. No cooperation is permitted under BNSS
Answer: B. Cross-border evidence is handled by MLA mechanisms and BNSS-compatible domestic procedures.

Under BNSS, a discharge order (where no sufficient ground to proceed) results in:
A. Automatic imprisonment of the complainant
B. Accused being discharged from criminal liability on that count subject to appellate remedies and, if applicable, civil remedies by victims
C. Case automatically converted to civil suit only
D. Immediate public shaming order by court
Answer: B. Discharge removes criminal prosecution on that count but does not bar civil remedies for victims.

BNSS encourages use of technology in courtrooms (e.g., e-records, video). The aim is:
A. To replace judges with AI entirely
B. To improve efficiency, maintain accurate digital records and enable remote participation with safeguards
C. To eliminate all public access to proceedings permanently
D. To privatise courtrooms to tech firms only
Answer: B. Technology aims to facilitate efficient, transparent and accessible court processes under BNSS.

BNSS provides for the rights of victims to be heard in certain proceedings. This is commonly referred to as:
A. Victim’s right to interrogate judges
B. Victim impact statements / right to representation and to be informed about proceedings and relief
C. Victim’s right to appoint judges personally
D. None of the above
Answer: B. BNSS includes victim participation rights like impact statements and notice of proceedings.

BNSS provides mechanisms to review lower court procedural compliance. Which authority typically conducts reviews?
A. Local NGOs only
B. High Courts and appellate courts via revision, supervisory and appellate jurisdiction
C. Police only
D. No review mechanism exists under BNSS
Answer: B. Judicial supervisory and appellate routes exist to correct procedural errors and protect rights.

BNSS contains transitional provisions for pending cases that began under CrPC. Which approach was taken?
A. All pending cases were dismissed automatically
B. Transitional provisions and judicial directions were issued to map pending cases to BNSS procedure while preventing gaps
C. Pending cases must all restart from scratch always
D. No transitional guidance was given at all
Answer: B. Implementation included transitional mapping and judicial guidance to continue pending matters fairly.

BNSS contains specified forms and annexures for procedural steps (e.g., remand orders, charge sheets). The purpose is:
A. To make paperwork impossible to complete
B. To standardise procedure, reduce errors and ensure uniform records across jurisdictions
C. To make forms secret and unreviewable
D. To privatise form creation only to corporations
Answer: B. Standardised forms help uniformity and transparency in procedural actions.

BNSS allows courts to grant interim compensation or restitution measures in urgent cases. The rationale is:
A. To replace criminal punishment entirely with compensation only
B. To provide immediate relief to victims pending final adjudication where necessary
C. To force victims to drop charges always
D. To let accused decide compensation unilaterally
Answer: B. Interim compensation helps victims while criminal processes proceed, a recognised remedial tool under BNSS.

Under BNSS, the jurisdictional demarcation between magistrates’ courts and sessions/ trial courts is:
A. Removed entirely — only one court exists now
B. Preserved but rationalised by BNSS with jurisdictional rules for trials, committal, and special matters
C. Magistrates now hear all murder trials only
D. Sessions courts abolished entirely
Answer: B. BNSS retains magistrate/session division but clarifies jurisdictional rules and committal processes.

BNSS includes procedural safeguards for mentally ill accused persons. Which is correct?
A. Mentally ill accused are always detained indefinitely without trial
B. Special protections, medical evaluation and diversion into healthcare/appropriate measures are provided for mentally ill accused
C. Mental illness is ignored and never considered by courts under BNSS
D. Mentally ill accused must be tried by lay juries only
Answer: B. BNSS combines criminal procedure with health safeguards for mentally incapacitated persons.

BNSS contains measures for compellability and non-compellability of certain witnesses. Which is true?
A. All persons may be compelled to testify without exception
B. Certain privileged persons may be non-compellable; BNSS clarifies who may or may not be compelled to give evidence
C. Witness compulsion is randomly decided by police
D. No witness may ever be compelled under BNSS
Answer: B. Privileges and non-compellability are handled via BNSS and existing evidence principles.

BNSS requires courts and police to adopt measures for arrest notifications to families in certain cases. The purpose is:
A. To invade the privacy of the accused’s family only
B. To inform next of kin, reduce arbitrary disappearances and facilitate legal assistance/oversight
C. To allow families to decide bail themselves
D. To ensure the family arranges custody costs always
Answer: B. Notifying families safeguards personal liberty and transparency in custodial processes.

BNSS facilitates inter-agency coordination for transnational crimes (e.g., cyber, money-laundering). Which mechanism supports this?
A. BNSS standalone has no coordination provisions
B. Coordination via MLATs, special task forces, liaison with central agencies and BNSS-compatible procedures
C. Only local village councils handle transnational crimes under BNSS
D. International agencies prosecute directly without India’s involvement
Answer: B. BNSS works with international cooperation tools and domestic agency coordination mechanisms.

BNSS includes measures for the protection of witnesses invoked during trial. Which feature is typical?
A. Witnesses must testify publicly with no safeguards always
B. Measures include in-camera evidence, identity masking, witness anonymity in certain cases and secure testimony arrangements
C. Witness protection is replaced with witness exile
D. BNSS ignores witness protection entirely
Answer: B. Witness protection is a recognized need and BNSS procedures allow protective measures.

BNSS requires transparency and record of custodial interrogations. This aims to:
A. Allow police to detain indefinitely with no oversight
B. Prevent torture, custodial abuse and ensure interrogation records can be reviewed for voluntariness and legality
C. Keep interrogation procedures secret from courts always
D. Allow only written confessions with no questioning
Answer: B. Recording of interrogations and custody logs enhance accountability and reduce custodial abuses.

Overall, the BNSS procedural code’s reform objective is to:
A. Remove all protections for accused persons and concentrate power in police only
B. Modernise, clarify, and strengthen criminal procedure with checks, victim protections, case-management tools and technological integration while preserving fundamental fairness
C. Convert all criminal trials into parliamentary sessions only
D. Replace judiciary with private arbitrators in criminal cases
Answer: B. The reform package (BNS + BNSS + BSA) intends to modernise both substantive and procedural criminal law while embedding safeguards and efficiency.